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Pictures:

 

Redness

 

Bruising: normal vs. abnormal

 

Swelling: normal vs. abnormal

 

Drainage: normal vs. abnormal

 

E-collars types: Standard E-collar, Soft (Comfy) Cone, or BiteNot Collar. The collar must prevent the animal

from licking or scratching at the incision.

 

 

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